Glass to Wood

The strongest choice would be:

General Electric Silicone II

A less toxic alternative would be:

Weldbond

but it isn't as strong.
The fastest and also less toxic recommendation would be:

Hot Glue

Whenever you are gluing glass you must consider the visibility of the adhesive. If the glass is translucent or transparent, you will want a glue that dries as clear as possible.

Before gluing any glass bond be sure that the glass is clean, free of any oil (even from your fingers) and dry.